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Lise (Renoir)
'' Lise'', also known as ''Lise with a Parasol'', is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir, created in 1867 during his early Salon period. The full-length painting depicts model Lise Tréhot posing in a forest. She wears a white muslin dress and holds a black lace parasol to shade her from the sunlight, which filters down through the leaves, contrasting her face in the shadow and her body in the light, highlighting her dress rather than her face. After having several paintings rejected by the Salon, Renoir's ''Lise'' was finally accepted and exhibited in May 1868.
The painting was one of Renoir's first critically successful works. At this time, Renoir's technique was still influenced by Gustave Courbet, but he continued to develop his unique style painting filtered light which he would return to in ''The Swing'' (1876) and ''Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette'' (1876). The almost life-size portrait and unusual contrast in ''Lise'' led several critics to ridicule the work. Théodore Duret, a passionate supporter of the nascent Impressionists, bought the painting from Renoir, who was unable to sell it. Karl Ernst Osthaus, a German patron of avant-garde art, acquired ''Lise'' in 1901 for the Museum Folkwang.
==Background==
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841–1919) grew up in Paris. His father worked as a tailor and his mother as a seamstress.〔 Renoir trained as a porcelain painter but the Industrial Revolution replaced porcelain painters with machines.〔Feist, Peter H. (1987). ''Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1841–1919: A Dream of Harmony''. Taschen. p. 8. ISBN 9783822800652. .〕 He found work as a decorative commercial artist during the day while learning to draw in the evenings. In the early 1860s, he spent his free time studying paintings at the Louvre and worked in the studio under Charles Gleyre, spending two years at the École des Beaux-Arts. Renoir began submitting his work to the Salon in 1863.〔 His first submission, ''Nymph and Faun'', was rejected, leading Renoir to destroy his painting. The next year, Renoir tried again, submitting ''La Esméralda'' to the Salon of 1864.〔''La Esméralda'' draws upon the character of Esméralda from Victor Hugo's 1831 novel ''The Hunchback of Notre-Dame''.〕 Despite its acceptance, Renoir once again destroyed his painting. Two of Renoir's works, ''Portrait de William Sisley'' (1864) and ''Soirée d'été'', were accepted by the Salon of 1865.〔〔Kingsley, Rose Georgina (1899). ''(A History of French Art, 1100–1899 )''. Longmans, Green and Company. pp. 442–443. .〕〔Strieter, Terry W. (1999). ''Nineteenth-century European Art: A Topical Dictionary''. Greenwood Press. pp.247–248. ISBN 978-0-313-29898-1. .〕
In the mid 1860s, Renoir met Lise Tréhot through his friend, artist Jules Le Coeur, who was intimate with Clémence, Lise's sister. From around 1865 to 1872, Lise modeled for Renoir and was his companion during his early Salon period. Meanwhile, Renoir continued to face rejection at the Salon with ''Paysage avec deux figures'' (1866) and ''Diana'' (1867), two works featuring Lise as a model. Renoir's innovative work as an Impressionist brought great ridicule and poverty, as he was unable to sell his paintings. He survived by devoting himself to painting portraits for wealthy patrons. It would take almost another forty years for the Salon and the wider art community to recognize and acknowledge his contributions to modern art.〔
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